Introduction:
Malthus (1766-1834) was an economist and priest in England. He first published a theory about population, where his views on population were published. Then, he published his theory after modifying six times in total. The last modified version of his theory was released in 1972 after his death. Malthus was hated by theologians and Marxists for his theory. However, his theory on population is very important.
The Malthusian Population Growth Theory:
Malthus said the population grows at a faster rate than food production. According to him, food increases at arithmetic rate and if not controlled, population increases at geometric rate. The following is shown in the mathematical and geometric rate of growth:
Arithmetic rate: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 etc.
Geometric rate: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 etc.
Here you can see that the geometric rate is faster than the arithmetic rate. The geometric rate is the same as the Complexity interest rate. Capital interest also becomes capital on time and its interest is credited to the account. Just like today’s children will be parents in the future and more children will come to their homes. If not controlled, it may be born in a greater number.
Thus, Malthus wants to say that the geometric rate exceeds the arithmetic rate. This means that the annual birth rate will exceed the annual food production. Then there are three possible situations, each of which will increase the mortality rate. These are: hunger, disease and war. According to Malthus, these are the natural control of population. These natural preventive measures will reduce the population to a number that is consistent with the amount of food produced.
Malthus thinks that humans are driven by sexual needs in such a way that they tend to give birth to reproductive powers. He argued early on that in all cases, the human birth rate would be the same and that only mortality could control the birth rate. He then thought that humans might not willingly have children or limit the population. He also said that if food supply increased, it would help support the lives of more children. As a result, the population will increase further. This will put pressure on the diet again. Lack of food will reappear.
Later, Malthus expressed optimism in the prevailing and refined theory, saying that by limiting birth rates, people can get rid of hunger, disease and war if they desired. For this reason, he suggested taking preventive measures instead of natural insulation. He, however, describes any method that limits birth control or population as immoral, and instead considers delayed marriages to be the best method for laughing at birth.
Criticism of the Theory:
This theory of Malthus has been widely criticized. The following is highlighted in front of you:
- Malthus predicted that if the population was not controlled, natural blockade would mean hunger, disease and war. Since the time of Malthus, these three natural barriers have not increased. Rather, progress has been made to prevent hunger and disease.
- In the Malthus era, the death rate that was due to food shortages has decreased greatly today. He didn’t even think food production would increase that much. Because agricultural production has increased by 2/3 times in the last one hundred years. Malthus could not even think of the use of advanced technology in agricultural systems and the current rate of increase in food production.
- In modern times, many birth control systems were discovered that Malthus did not know. However, many preventive and preventive birth control measures have been discovered.
- Malthus has more to worry about than just the population. However, he did not think about the various uses of natural resources. Thinking about it, he might say that using natural resources would require more manpower or labour and would be helpful in increasing production.
Summary:
After above the discussion, you must have understood that the Malthusian theory is a theory of population growth. Because of how the population increases over a period of time and how does this growth affect the economic development of the country, is the main phenomenon of the Malthusian population theory. In view of this, the problem of population has been discussed in the context of food supply in the country, because the situation of food shortage in the country is one of the main signs of over-population. After all, through this theory we see Malthus as a pessimist. Because, he thought that over-population is causing panic and frustration for mankind. But even though poverty is still growing in the world, for that many believe the Malthusian theory with a bit of a fact.
